The Deep Brain Stimulation procedure is performed in two stages:
Stage One (Electrode Implantation):
Local Anesthesia: The patient is given local anesthesia to numb the scalp, allowing them to stay awake for feedback during the procedure. This helps the surgeon test the electrode placement and adjust based on symptoms like tremors or stiffness.
Placement of the Frame: A specialized frame is securely attached to the patient’s head, providing a stable reference point for accurate electrode placement. It ensures precision during the procedure, aligning with the patient’s head anatomy for correct brain targeting.
Imaging for Electrode Placement: MRI or CT scans are used to map the patient’s brain and identify the exact areas to target. This allows the neurosurgeon to plan and navigate the electrode insertion accurately, focusing on regions affecting movement.
Testing and Adjustment of Stimulation: After electrode placement, stimulation is tested by having the patient perform tasks while the neurosurgeon monitors the response. Adjustments are made as needed based on patient feedback to ensure effective symptom reduction, like tremors or muscle rigidity.
Stage Two (Implanting the Battery and Connecting the Device):
General Anesthesia: In the second stage, the patient is given general anesthesia to ensure they are fully asleep and pain-free during the procedure. This allows the surgeon to focus on implanting the pulse generator and connecting the device without causing discomfort or distress to the patient.
Implanting the Battery: A small incision is made in the chest or abdomen to implant the pulse generator (battery). This device is about the size of a pacemaker and is placed under the skin, usually in the upper chest or abdomen, where it can be discreetly hidden. The pulse generator powers the electrodes and sends electrical impulses to the brain.
Connecting the Device: Thin, insulated wires (leads) are inserted through the skin and connected to the previously implanted electrodes in the brain. These leads transmit electrical impulses from the pulse generator to the brain, delivering continuous stimulation to regulate brain activity, helping control symptoms like tremors or rigidity.
Post-Operative Adjustments: After implantation, the neurosurgeon makes necessary adjustments to the pulse generator to ensure optimal stimulation. The settings, such as the intensity and frequency of the electrical impulses, are fine-tuned based on the patient’s response to achieve the best therapeutic outcome and symptom relief.
The surgery typically lasts between 5-6 hours and requires close monitoring during and after the procedure.