The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage in the knee that protects the lower part of leg from the shock created by the body. They are made of tough, rubbery cartilage that acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction between the shinbone (tibia) and thighbone (femur).
Meniscus tear, or a meniscus damage, happens most often from a sudden twist or forceful rotation of the knee caused by sports, sudden twists, or age-related (degenerative) wear. Sports activities involving sudden movements, like soccer, tennis, or basketball, put extra strain on the meniscus, which leads to a potential injury. In these cases, the cartilage weakens over time, making it more susceptible to tearing even during minor movements or activities.
The meniscus is an avascular, this means it has limited blood supply, especially in its inner portion. When the meniscus is torn, this poor blood flow makes it difficult for it to heal on its own. Consequently, meniscus tear leads to inability to fully move the knee and persistent knee pain.
When the meniscus is damaged, people may feel a sharp “pop” in the knee at the moment of injury. This is followed by symptoms like pain, swelling, and stiffness which develops over the next day or two. These symptoms can range from mild discomfort to significant pain which limits movement depending on the severity of the tear. If the torn meniscus is left untreated, it can lead to the onset of osteoarthritis of the knee.
Arthroscopic meniscus surgery is a minimally invasive operation that aims to treat torn meniscus (damage inside your knee). The damaged part of your meniscus will either be removed or repaired by an orthopaedic surgeon. This surgery not only helps repair the torn cartilage but also supports long-term knee stability and reduces pain, giving patients a path to recovery and improved joint function.
Surgeons try to preserve as much of the meniscus as possible due to its crucial role in absorbing shock, supporting weight and mobility. Your doctor will recommend a meniscus surgery depending on its severity, where it’s located, and the tear pattern. Young athletes are a good candidate for meniscus surgery. This may not be the same for older adults with degenerative tissue in the meniscus. They may benefit from non-surgical procedures. However, regardless of age, if you have a tear and experience symptoms like knee locking, arthroscopic surgery may be the best solution.